Specification for landscaping and maintenance
Date：2009-12-20
1 Scope
This standard specifies the regulations for the management of lawns, shrubs, flowers, trees, old and famous trees, vertical greening, pools, garden roads, sanitation and facilities in landscaping.
This standard is applicable to the management and maintenance of urban public green space, residential area green space and unit-affiliated green space in Shenzhen.
2. Terminology
This standard uses the following definition.
2.1 Canopy
The part of the stem above which the branches and leaves are collected. Most tree species are composed of central main branch, main branch, sub-main branch, tertiary main branch branch group, including fruiting branches and growing branches and other branches. Palmaceae and Tetaceae refer to the clustered leaf parts above the main trunk.
2.2 Flower bud period
Plants range from bolting to bud viewing to the leaf stage before flowering.
2.3 Leaf Bud
Buds that can develop into branches and leaves. The leaf buds are thin and small, with apex tips.
2.4 Flower Bud
Buds that can develop into flowers or inflorescences. The flower buds are larger and slightly rounded.
2.5 Growth potential
The trend of plant growth under cultivation conditions. It generally refers to the growth rate, uniformity, color of stems and leaves, the degree of plant growth, the luxuriant degree of tillers or branches, etc., but sometimes only refers to the growth rate.
2.6 Fertilization
Fertilizer application throughout the growth of garden plants.
2.7 Weeding
Measures to remove weeds manually during the growth of garden plants.
2.8 Irrigation
Measures for artificial water diversion. Its purpose is to meet the needs of garden plants in time, or to adjust soil temperature and soil moisture.
2.9 Lower edge line
A line formed by the bottom edge of the canopy of each tree on the same road.
3. Graded custody
According to the importance of landscaping sites and the types of plants, custody is divided into three levels: first-level, second-level and third-level. The landscaping of important sightseeing places (including lawns, shrubs, trees, pools, garden roads and facilities), the shaping of plants and ancient trees and famous trees are divided into first-level management; the landscaping of remote places (including lawns) , Shrubs, trees, garden roads and facilities) are classified as tertiary custody; in addition to primary custody and tertiary custody, they are classified as secondary custody.
Approved by Shenzhen Technical Supervision Bureau on April 28, 1999
4. Specification for first-level custody
4.1 Lawn care
The standard of first-level turfgrass cultivation is that the target grass species grows vigorously and is vigorous, the lawn is neat and elegant, the seasons are evergreen, the coverage rate is more than 98%, the weed rate is less than 3%, large potholes and water, no bare land .
4.1.1 Growth potential
The growth potential is strong, and the growth volume exceeds the average annual growth volume of the grass species of this specification. The leaves are strong and vigorous, with dark green leaves and no withered yellow leaves.
4.1.2 Trim
Considering the characteristics of the season and the growth and development characteristics of the grass species, the height of the grass is consistent and the edges are neat. Height control: Taiwan grass less than 5 cm, large-leaf oil grass, false thrift grass, along the step grass 10 cm.
4.1.3 Irrigation and fertilization
According to the growth of turfgrass plants, we need to strengthen watering and fertilization to ensure sufficient fertilizer and water. The application method and dosage of fertilizers are scientific to prevent excessive or unevenness from causing fatal injuries. In rainy seasons, the amount of water per day is slightly larger than the transpiration of this specification, so that the water content is maintained at: 3-6% for sandy soil, 6-12% for sandy loam soil, 12-23% for loam soil, and 21- twenty three%. For plants with large water requirements, the soil water content generally requires 4.5-6% for sandy soil, 9-12% for sandy loam, 18-23% for loam, and 22-23% for clay; For plants, the soil moisture content is controlled at: 3-4.5% for sandy soil, 6-9% for sandy loam soil, 12-18% for loam soil, and 21-22% for clay. Especially in October-February, it is necessary to apply water frequently and fertilize properly, and apply extra-root topdressing, so that the turf will maintain an excellent growth trend through the dry autumn and winter.
4.1.4 Weed removal
Weeds are often removed to make the purity of the target grass species of pure and mixed lawns up to 97%. The newly-taken green space is required to meet the standard within six months.
4.1.5 Filling potholes
Fill the potholes in time, so that there is no potholes in the lawn, which is level and elegant.
4.1.6 Replanting
Lawn plants that are destroyed or caused by other causes of death should be replanted in time to keep the lawn intact and free of bare ground. Replanting should replenish the same grass species as the original turf, properly dense planting, strengthen maintenance after replanting, to ensure coverage rate of 98% within a month.
4.1.7 Prevention of diseases and insect pests
Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in a timely manner, focusing on prevention, carefully managed, so that plants can enhance their resistance to diseases and insect pests, regular inspection, early detection and early treatment. Take comprehensive control, chemical control, physical artificial control and biological control to prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests and affect plant growth. Try to adopt biological control methods to reduce environmental pollution. When using chemical methods for prevention and control, spraying is generally carried out at night; drugs, dosage and impact on environmental pollution must comply with environmental protection requirements and standards. Occurrence of pests and diseases, the most serious damage rate is below 5%.
4.2 Shrub and flower maintenance
The standard for the first-level management of shrubs and flowers is vigorous growth, luxuriant flowers and leaves, beautiful shapes, fine pruning techniques, and plant shapes with artistic sense and creativity, producing fine products.
4.2.1 Growth potential
Strong growth potential, the growth rate exceeds the average annual growth rate of this type of this species; the branches and leaves are strong, the branches are leafy, the leaves are bright, the bottom is not bare, there are no dead leaves, the plants are neat, the flowers bloom in time, the flowers are multi-colored Gorgeous, perennial flowering plants have flowers blooming all year round; the flower beds have clear outlines, no defects, and no hedges.
4.2.2 Trim
Considering the growth and development characteristics of each plant, it is beautiful in appearance and can bloom in time, and the flowers are colorful; flower shrubs and herbaceous flowers are trimmed before the flower buds are differentiated, to avoid cutting the flower buds, and the stumps are cut off in time , Perennial flowering plants should purposefully cultivate flowering branches so that there are flowers in all seasons. The shaping effect of hedges and flower beds should be coordinated with the surrounding environment to enhance the beautification effect of gardens and fine carving
Finely carved, produced fine products.
4.2.3 Irrigation and fertilization
According to the plant's growth and flowering characteristics, reasonable irrigation and fertilization are carried out. In rainy seasons, the daily amount of water spray is slightly larger than the transpiration of this type of specification, so that the water content is maintained at: 3-6% for sandy soil, 6-12% for sandy loam soil, 12-23% for loam soil, clay 21-23%. For plants with large water requirements, the soil water content generally requires 4.5-6% for sandy soil, 9-12% for sandy loam, 18-23% for loam, and 22-23% for clay; those that require less water and are not resistant to waterlogging For plants, the soil moisture content is controlled at: 3-4.5% for sandy soil, 6-9% for sandy loam, 10-18% for loam, and 21-22% for clay. Generally, fertilize 2-3 times in spring and autumn every year. Flowering shrubs such as bougainvillea should properly control water to promote flower bud differentiation. After flower bud differentiation, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be made to make the flowers multi-colored and colorful. Fertilizers should not be exposed. Different methods such as buried application or water application can be used. For buried application, dig holes or ditches first. After fertilization, backfill the soil, step down, apply water, and level. Generally, fertilization can be combined with weeding loose soil.
4.2.4 Weed removal
Weeds and loose soil are often removed. When weeds are removed, the protection system must be protected from root damage and bare roots, not to mention bare loess.
4.2.5 Replanting and replanting
Clean up dead seedlings in time, replant them back to the original species within one week and strive to have specifications close to the original plants to ensure excellent landscape effects. The replanting is carried out in accordance with the planting specifications, the application of sufficient base fertilizer to increase watering and other maintenance measures to ensure a survival rate of 98% or more. Shrubs and flowers that are aging or obviously incompatible with the surrounding environment should be replanted in time.
4.2.6 Prevention of diseases and insect pests
Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in a timely manner, focusing on prevention, carefully managed, so that plants can enhance their resistance to diseases and insect pests, regular inspection, early detection and early treatment. Take comprehensive control, chemical control, physical artificial control and biological control to prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests and affect plant growth. Try to adopt biological control methods to reduce environmental pollution. When using chemical methods for prevention and control, spraying should generally be carried out at night; drugs, dosage and environmental impact must comply with environmental protection requirements and standards. Occurrence of pests and diseases, the most serious damage rate is below 5%.
4.3 Arbor Custody
The standard of first-class arbor management is vigorous growth, strong branches and leaves, and beautiful tree shape. The lower edge of the sidewalk tree is neat, moderately trimmed, straight and beautiful, no dead trees, no dead branches and leaves, excellent landscape effect.
4.3.1 Growth potential
Strong growth potential, the growth volume exceeds the average annual growth volume of the tree species; the branches and leaves are strong, the branches are thick, the leaves are dark green, and there are no dead leaves.
4.3.2 Trim
Considering the growth characteristics of tree species, if they are in the bud period and flowering period, in addition to palm plants, other trees are usually trimmed before the differentiation of leaf buds and flower buds. Avoid cutting off the leaf buds and flower buds. Coordinate with the surrounding environment to enhance the beautification of the garden. The pruning of the sidewalk trees should keep the canopy intact and beautiful. The main branches are well-proportioned and the number is appropriate. The inner branches are not empty and are ventilated and light-transmitting. The height of the tree is generally controlled between 10-17 meters. Be careful not to affect the high-voltage lines, street lamps and traffic signs; if the branches and leaves of trees planted in the green space attached to the unit extend to the urban public road or the property of others, they should be trimmed in time; Pruning is carried out in accordance with the operating procedures, to minimize wounds, the cut should be flat, and no tree nails should be left; the sprouting branches, drooping branches, dry branches and leaves under the lower edge line should be cut off in time.
4.3.3 Irrigation and fertilization
According to the weather conditions in different growing seasons, different plant species and different tree ages should be properly sprayed with water, and fertilization should be focused 2-3 times in spring and autumn every year. The amount of fertilization depends on the type and growth of the trees. Planting trees and tree vegetation within three years should appropriately increase the amount and frequency of fertilization. Fertilizers should be buried, holes or trenches should be drilled first. After fertilization, the soil should be backfilled, grounded, drenched with water, leveled, and bare fertilizer should be avoided. The specifications of the arbor fertilization hole are generally 30 × 30 × 40 cm, and the size of the trench is 30 × 40 cm. The location of digging holes or ditching is generally the projection of the outer edge of the canopy (except for roadside trees), and each tree digs two or four holes symmetrically.
4.3.4 Replanting and replanting
Clean up dead trees in time and request to replant the original tree species within two weeks ...
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