Design principles of greening in residential areas
Date：2009-12-20
Introduction: The greening of residential areas is an important part of the urban green space system and an important link in improving the urban ecological environment. With the increasing living standards of people, the requirements and appreciation of greening and beautification of residential areas have also increased. Come higher. Therefore, the greening of residential areas should proceed from the role of greening, follow the principles of greening planning, adapt the living environment to modern buildings, and meet the functional requirements.
1. The important role of greening in residential areas
The greening of the residential area has created a lively and interesting living environment for people, which is an important indicator of the quality of the environment in the residential area. With the improvement of people's material and cultural living standards, not only the residential buildings themselves, but also the requirements of the living environment are becoming higher and higher. Therefore, the greening of residential areas plays an important role.
1.1 The greening of residential areas is dominated by plants, which has a good role in purifying air, reducing dust and absorbing noise, and protecting the environment of the residential area. It is also beneficial to improving the microclimate, cooling the sun, preventing the sun, adjusting the temperature, and reducing the wind speed. When the summer wind is calm, the air exchange is promoted due to the temperature difference, causing a breeze.
1.2 Erna's colorful flowers and trees, colorful plant layouts, and a small amount of architectural sketches, water bodies, etc., and the use of plant materials to divide the space, increase the level, and beautify the appearance of the residential area, which is more vivid in the residential area. Lively. You can also use plants to hide ugly and unsightly things.
1.3 Under a good greening environment, organize and attract residents' outdoor activities so that the elderly, children and children can have their own place, can enjoy recreation, activity viewing and social interaction in the nearby green space, which is conducive to people's physical and mental health and enhance mutual understanding among residents ,get along in harmony. People are pleasing to the eyes and invigorated, creating good outdoor environmental conditions for the formation of good psychological effects.
1.4 Choose beautiful and affordable plants in the greening of the residential area, which will combine the viewing, function and economy to achieve good benefits.
1.5 The green space can be used to evacuate people during earthquakes and wars. It has the functions of disaster prevention and refuge, concealing buildings, and green plants can filter and absorb radioactive materials.
It can be seen from this that the greening of residential areas balances the urban artificial ecosystem, and the beautification of the city's appearance is very meaningful for the good effect of people's psychology. With the continuous improvement of people's aesthetic needs, the environmental landscape of residential areas has begun to show a diversified development trend, advocating simple and bright landscape design style. The environmental landscape also pays more attention to the comfort of residents' lives, which should be used not only by people but also by people.
The planning and design of the human-centered residential area in the 21st century will combine economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits, break the solid planning concept, focus on creating the best living environment and the best living conditions, and make the community planning achieve economic functions. , Environmental function, social function requirements, to build a suitable residential area. The creation of natural, comfortable, intimate and pleasant landscape space is another trend of landscape design in residential areas.
2. Principles of greening design of residential area
2.1 The unified design of functions and forms must be carried out according to different climatic characteristics, different living habits of residents, and different requirements for outdoor activities. Trees, shrubs, and lawns must have a reasonable ratio to achieve the best ecological and beautification effect.
2.2 The design needs to be economical and practical, make full use of the original terrain and landform, and minimize the earthwork. Appropriate site and tree. The soil around the building often has construction garbage and other environments that hinder the growth of plants. Therefore, barren and resistant tree species must be used. In addition, property management in many residential areas cannot keep up, leading to poor plant growth. Therefore, it is more necessary to choose tree species suitable for the local environment.
2.3 Beautify the environment The design of garden green space is a multi-dimensional three-dimensional space art design. It is a space environment design characterized by natural beauty. It has a plane composition and a three-dimensional composition. At the same time, it is a plastic art that integrates plants, buildings, sketches, etc. . Afforestation must have a unified form, and then the changes of various parts can be obtained in the unified form. It is necessary to make full use of design methods such as contrast and harmony, rhythm and rhythm, and master-slave collocation.
2.4 Adapting to local conditions, coincidentally, the greening of residential areas is to satisfy residents ’lives and to create warm and close homes close to nature and good ecology for people living in noisy cities. In line with the principles of economic application, adapting to local conditions, coincidentally, and fully Using the original terrain and landform, with the least investment and the simplest maintenance, the design can be integrated with the local customs and cultural atmosphere.
2.5 The green space planning of the residential area should be people-oriented. The green area of the community is closest to the life of the residents. The planning and design should not only consider the balance of plant configuration and architectural composition, as well as the shelter and setting of the building, but also consider the requirements of the residents' life on ventilation, light, and sunshine The collocation should be simple and clear, the tree species selection should be designed according to the three seasons with flowers, the four seasons and evergreen, and distinguish different regions, according to local conditions. The evergreen tree species in the northern area should be no less than 2/5, the winter and spring winds are strong in the north, and the sun is hot and green in summer The design should take the mixed form of arbor, shrub and grass as the basic form, and should not be based on open lawns. In addition, people-oriented is not just to cater to the interests of current people, but more important is to influence people, create people, and improve people's level and taste through the environment.
2.6 The greening of residential areas requires proper construction of trees in residential areas. The original soil is greatly damaged, the construction waste is buried in situ, and the soil condition is further deteriorated. Therefore, it is necessary to select the indigenous tree species that are resistant to barrenness, strong resistance, and extensive management. The main, combined with the planting of fast-growing tree species, to ensure the survival rate of the planting and the environment as soon as possible. It is also necessary to consider the appropriate combination of trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, flowers, fruit trees, medicinal materials, ornamental plants, and the use of multiple means of flat and three-dimensional greening.
2.7 Reasonable organization space
Residential greening in residential areas is closely related to the daily lives of residents, and is more functional and practical. The greening of residential areas mainly adopts the method of segmentation and penetration to organize the space.
2.7.1 Space division
The division of the green space should meet the residents' feelings and needs when talking in the green space. When people are at rest, the closed part of the space gives people a feeling of concealment, tranquility, and security, and it is easy to rest; the open part can increase the life atmosphere of people's interaction. When people are moving, the divided space can play a role in suppressing the line of sight. Space division can create the spatial scales required by people, enrich the visual landscape, form the spatial depth of multiple levels of far, medium and near, and obtain the effect of the garden in the garden and the scenery in the scene.
Split with walls, hedges and climbing plants When the height of the split is between 30 cm and 60 cm, the space is continuous, and people can look out even when sitting, there is no sense of closure, but the space is separated. When the height of the split body is above 0.9 meters to 1.7 meters, the line of sight is obstructed and a sense of closure appears. As the height increases, the sense of closure increases [6]. The water surface, mountain rocks, trees, flower stands, sketches, etc. can be used to expand the space and increase the limited distance if properly treated. Rocks and rocks are like a masonry method, combined with trees can increase the spatial level. The flower stand can make the space continuous, but pay attention to the proportion and scale. If it is too thick, there will be a sense of clogging, and if it is too thin, it will not be divided.
Changes in ground height difference and pavement According to different functions, changing the ground height difference to divide the space is also a common method. At the same time, the effect of paving the ground with materials with different textures is more significant. The rigid floor tiles and the turf form a texture contrast, and the change in the height difference of the green ground interface increases the sense of depth. The use of sinking or rising squares gives a unique sense of domain. Shrubs and hedges can be used to divide the inner and outer spaces along the border of the square.
2.7.2 Space penetration
The penetration and connection of space and the division of space are complementary to each other. Spaces that are simply divided without penetration and connection are embarrassing and depressing. Through expansion and extension to adjacent spaces, changes in hierarchy can occur. Common techniques are:
When setting partitions with doors, windows, lattice walls and plant frames, you can use door openings and other techniques to keep the divided space independent, so that people have a sense of place, and they are closely connected with the outside world and penetrate each other. Clever use of the flower stand in the green space of the flower stand residential area not only divides the space, but also allows the scenery on both sides to borrow each other and set off against each other. The flower stand is used as a middle scene here, which makes the space have three levels of far, middle and near, and has the effect of extending the space. It is a form of greening that uses the art of gardening of "dividing, separating, blocking and communicating" to tap the potential of land in residential buildings to expand the greening area and make up for the shortage of greening land. The decorative flower wall and Jingmen gate are used to close the building area into different courtyards, which breaks the rigid layout of the "in-line" and "row" styles of the building group, forming a courtyard with courtyards and courtyards. , Elegant living space, change the ecological environment of the residential area. The courtyard-style greening in the residential area is mainly green, winning with beauty, similarities, different characteristics, clear intentions, endless aftertaste, integrating garden art, cultural art, fine art, calligraphy art, and integrating education in amusement . The group-style small amusement park in the courtyard-type greening community has a small service radius and is used by residents to rest and relax after tea and dinner. It is called "Pocket Garden". Is a form of greening that uses the art of gardening of "dividing, separating, blocking, and connecting" to tap the land potential of residential buildings to expand the greening area and make up for the shortage of greening land. The decorative flower wall and Jingmen gate are used to close the building area into different courtyards, which breaks the rigid layout of the "in-line" and "row" styles of the buildings, forming a courtyard with a courtyard and a courtyard with a scene. The scenery and scenes are connected comfortably, neatly and beautifully. , Elegant living space, change the ecological environment of the residential area. The courtyard-style greening in the residential area is mainly green, winning with beauty, similarities, different characteristics, clear intentions, endless aftertaste, integrating garden art, cultural art, fine art, calligraphy art, and integrating education in amusement . The small group garden in the courtyard-type greening community has a small service radius and is used by residents to rest and enjoy after tea and dinner. It is also known as "Pocket Garden".
2.8 Make use of natural landscape to reflect green
Man is a product of nature, and natural things are more likely to produce a harmonious and beautiful feeling in the human mind. Therefore, the greening of the residential area will retain the original valuable natural ecological elements as much as possible and effectively use and organize Go to the green space in the residential area. To avoid destroying the original natural environment in pursuit of formal beauty, so that residents can not smell the natural breath and the aroma of the earth, whether it is a new residential area or a renovated old residential area, there will always be some existing plants. , Especially some big trees should try to organize them into the green space system of the residential area, and create a good living environment through the natural growth of plants, so that there is no need to wait for the newly planted plants to grow slowly, there will be a better greening environment, saving A lot of funds, and will not burden the maintenance and management work in the future.
In order to improve the quality of life of the community, the greening should make full use of the natural environment. In the entire community, the natural plant landscape is mostly dominated by green plants, increasing the green amount of the entire space. More tall trees are planted in the residential area, because the large pieces of trees can not only improve the environment of the residential area but also create better ecological conditions for the growth of low-level plants, and can also be used as activities and entertainment under the tall trees Leisure venue. And realize the diversity of greening, establish a multi-layered plant community of arbor, shrub and grass, and increase the greening of open space.
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