Rural garbage treatment is promising
Date：2018-06-14
The littering of rural garbage is the most direct manifestation of the "dirty mess" of the rural environment, and is also the most urgent task for the improvement of the rural residential environment. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized many times that the improvement of the rural environment should be carried out in both developed and underdeveloped areas, but the standards can be high or low. In order to implement the spirit of the important instruction of General Secretary Jin Ping, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development held a nationwide TV and telephone conference on rural solid waste management in 2014 to launch a special action on rural solid waste management. In 2015, with the approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other 10 central departments issued the "Guiding Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting Rural Garbage Treatment", which clarified the goal of 90% of village domestic waste disposal by 2020 and established a province-by-province acceptance system . Up to now, 8 provinces have passed the inspection, and more than half of the village domestic waste has been treated.
Recently, "Guangming Daily" conducted a series of full-page reports on the good experience and good practices for promoting the treatment of rural domestic waste in various regions, which reflects the concern of Guangming Daily for this work and evokes the whole society. Attention, set up a platform for communication. The methods introduced and advocated in the series of reports are all effective and good experiences, which are worthy of learning from all regions.
Judging from the local experience in the report, the places where rural domestic waste management works better generally have the following common laws: First, the government, society, village collectives and villagers each perform their responsibilities. Local governments, especially county-level governments, are the main body of responsibility. Social professional forces are responsible for specific construction and operation management. Village-level grassroots organizations mobilize villagers to participate extensively. The second is to form a governance model that matches the characteristics of the countryside. These places generally explore economically reasonable modes of collection, transportation and disposal based on rural population distribution, garbage transportation distance and treatment facility capacity. Grasp the characteristics of the generation of rural household garbage, and implement a simple classification method that meets the needs of rural areas. The third is to establish a sustainable guarantee mechanism. These places basically established government subsidies, village collective subsidies and villagers' payment as supplementary funding channels, adopted a market-oriented and professional construction and operation and management model, and formed a rural self-government mechanism for grassroots organizations to mobilize villagers to participate generally.
To achieve comprehensive and long-term treatment of rural household waste, the following three aspects must be achieved:
One is to generally establish a village cleaning mechanism. To establish a stable village cleaning team in administrative villages, the cleaning methods can be rotation of farmers, employment or competition of cleaning workers in the village, and integrated urban and rural cleaning. Cleaners are not only responsible for cleaning streets and collecting garbage, but also promoting environmental hygiene awareness and supervising villagers' environmental hygiene behaviors. In turn, village collectives and villagers can supervise the cleaning staff, thus forming an effective tripartite mutual supervision. Deqing County, Guangdong Province, introduced in the report on May 23, guided villagers and collectives to pay for cleaning fees, and established a mechanism for superior supervision, village-level self-examination, and mass complaints, which effectively resolved the normalization and long-term cleaning of villages. Efficiency problem.
The second is to vigorously promote governance models that are in line with the reality of the countryside. The reduction at the source should be generally implemented, and the remaining garbage after the reduction should be distinguished, and the difference in the transfer distance should be distinguished. The final disposal should be carried out in counties, cities and villages, but it should be as harmless and hygienic as possible. For example, all counties (cities, districts) in Shandong adopt the model of “household collection, village collection, township transportation, and county treatment”. Sichuan implements “county treatment” and “multi-town comprehensive construction of regional landfills” in large mountainous counties. The combination of the "field" and "local sanitary landfills in remote mountain villages" has solved the problem of rural domestic waste disposal.
The third is to steadily carry out the classification of rural household garbage. It is necessary and necessary for rural areas to carry out garbage classification. On the one hand, the distribution of rural domestic garbage is more scattered, the distance of collection and transportation is more than several times that of the city, and the whole process of treatment cost is higher than that of urban domestic garbage. If it is not classified and all transshipped, the local finance will be difficult to sustain and cannot play the rural Characteristics, resource recovery cannot be achieved. On the other hand, rural areas have extensive treatment sites and better environmental capacity. For example, leftovers can be used to feed poultry or livestock, compost products can be returned to the field, and coal ash and dregs can be used to fill roads and fill pits. The countryside is an "acquaintance" society, and village cadres, cleaning staff, and farmers are familiar with each other, which is convenient for management and supervision. In addition, rural grassroots organizations are closely connected with the peasants, making it easy to organize and promote the classification work. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development identified the first batch of 100 rural household waste classification demonstration counties on the basis of summing up the experience of Zhejiang Jinhua ’s “two-quadrant method”. At present, there are about 1/2 towns and 1/3 administrative villages in the demonstration counties. To carry out classification, most counties have explored classification methods that are consistent with local realities. Shanghai Chongming introduced in the May 17 report and Heng County, Guangxi introduced in the May 22 report are among the 100 model counties. Judging from the practice in these places, it is entirely possible for the classification of rural domestic waste to be implemented first.
In the future, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development will continue to carry out special actions for the treatment of rural household garbage in accordance with the requirements of the "Three-Year Action Plan for Rural Habitat Environmental Remediation". By 2020, a general model of classification and reduction will be established to achieve 90% of village household garbage The goal of treatment has laid a solid foundation for the establishment of a clean and tidy rural living environment! (Huang Yan, Deputy Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development)
